What Is High Cholesterol? Types, Causes, and Levels

Cholesterol often gets a bad reputation. It’s a word that can strike fear into the hearts of many. However, it’s important to understand that cholesterol is not entirely bad. 

Our bodies need it to function properly, so let’s explore this often misunderstood substance.

What is Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It’s essential for building cell membranes, producing hormones, and aiding digestion. 

The liver produces most of the cholesterol our bodies need. However, we consume it through certain foods, such as meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products.

What is High Cholesterol?

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1 in 12 (nearly 2.1 million) people had reported high cholesterol in 2022. Nearly three in ten (29.0%) people aged 75 years and over had high cholesterol.

The reason for high cholesterol occurs when there is too much of it in the blood. This excess builds up in the walls of your arteries, forming plaque. 

Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow your arteries, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. A total of less than 200 mg/dL level is normal.

What are its Types?

1. Good Cholesterol

High-density lipoprotein (HDL), often called “good” cholesterol, is crucial to heart health. It acts like a diligent cleanup crew, collecting excess cholesterol from your bloodstream and transporting it back to the liver for disposal. Higher levels of HDL are linked to a reduced risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.

2. Bad Cholesterol

While the term “bad cholesterol” is often used, it’s essential to understand that there are two primary culprits:

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), commonly known as “bad” cholesterol, is the primary contributor to heart disease. It carries this throughout your body, and when levels are too high, LDL can build up in the walls of your arteries, forming plaque. This buildup narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a): This is another type that can contribute to heart disease. Unlike LDL and HDL, Lp(a) levels are primarily determined by genetics rather than lifestyle factors.

To know what is a good cholesterol level, let’s learn about it next.

What is a Good HDL Level for Cholesterol?

HDL cholesterol is considered “good” because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. Higher HDL levels are generally better. Aim for an HDL level above 40 mg/dL for men and above 50 mg/dL for women.

What is Non-HDL Cholesterol?

Non-HDL is the total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol. It gives a better picture of your heart disease risk than LDL alone. A lower non-HDL cholesterol level is better.

It’s important to note that these are general guidelines. Your healthcare provider can help you determine your cholesterol goals based on your health and risk factors.

What Causes High Cholesterol?

Several factors can contribute, including:

• Diet: Consuming too much saturated and trans fat can raise LDL (bad) levels.
• Lack of Exercise: Regular physical activity helps lower LDL cholesterol and increase HDL (good) cholesterol.
• Overweight or Obesity: Excess body weight can contribute to high levels.
• Genetics: Some people inherit a predisposition to this.
• Certain Medical Conditions: Diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease can affect the levels.

How to Manage it?

If you have it, there are several steps you can take to manage

• Dietary Changes: Reduce your intake of saturated and trans fat and increase your intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Regular Exercise: Most days, aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise.
• Weight Management: If you’re overweight or obese, losing even a small amount of weight can help improve your levels.
• Medications: Your doctor may prescribe cholesterol-lowering medications if necessary.

Also Read: Online Treatment for High Cholesterol: Medication, Diet, and Exercise

Conclusion

High cholesterol often has no symptoms, so it’s essential to get regular checks. Knowing the difference between “good” and “bad” cholesterol can help manage your levels through diet, exercise, and potentially medication. Regular check-ups and consulting with your healthcare provider for cholesterol treatment are crucial for maintaining optimal heart health.